c) New eastern Jewish languages express multiple enjoys: best stress (1), transform regarding [Theta] to one (4), reinterpretation out of verb category once the figure (5), and you can reflexive pronouns centered on nos- (17). Speaking of areal enjoys and this span might separate ranging from Halabja to your one hand and you will Koy Sanjaq and you can Azerbaijan with the other. This isn’t obvious where dialect all of them originates, but they are almost certainly lent from one on the anyone else rather than inherited in keeping.
Such around three major groups off isoglosses show simply a small area of your evidence that will be taken to bear towards taxonomy of your NENA languages. Hoberman (1988, 573), having fun with evidence out of pronouns, demonstrates the presence of a north Iraqi dialect group (right here represented from the Zakho, Tisqopa, and Aradhin) and that can not be identified in line with the minimal investigation presented right here. All it takes now’s one another heavier descriptions of the languages currently documented, to ensure that more prevalent and you can distinguishing properties can be found, while having field-work so you’re able to list many languages which are for the verge away from extinction.
1 Thanks a lot are due to individuals who provided research and you may information, particularly Gene Gragg single parent match hledat, Robert Hoberman, and you can Jo Rubba. Elizabeth.H. summer stipend.
Instance, f and you can grams had been hired for the terminology such etrog ‘citron’ and you will sefer ‘scroll of the law’, where in the inherited Aramaic words f will have be p and g could have vanished
step three Garbell (1964, 100-103) says that the speakers regarding Jewish Azerbaiaic from Kurdish. The girl number one research for this is the enunciation off Hebrew financing-terms contained in this dialect. Hebrew loanwords inside the Jewish Azerbaijani preserve particular audio which were removed or blended with individuals in the prominent Neo-Aramaic language. Garbell says these retentions show that these Hebrew words were lent originally when you look at the Kurdish, hence several Kurdish speakers later managed to move on to Neo-Aramaic. It seems more likely the Hebrew issues in the dialect failed to participate in brand new voice alterations in question because of the fresh special spiritual check in that it fall in. They could have altered and started recovered for the basis of old-fashioned enunciation off nearby groups.
4 A raised + demonstrates that the next term are obvious to the suprasegmental function ‘emphasis’ which is discover to some extent in most NENA languages. Phonetically, emphasis is complex, but their number one role was velarization, and is also usually as a result of the presence of the new emphatic consonants t and s.
seven On dialect away from Tyari [Theta] often becomes s. Which dialect, that has been spoken just before 1915 inside a neighbor hood regarding Hakkari, isn’t talked about here because the information inside it is decreased.
8 This is simply not obvious if this type can be obtained during the the fresh new Halabja dialect. My personal informants after that knew it, but said it actually was significantly more trait of one’s surrounding town of Suleimaniya. Whatever the case, it’s unfamiliar on dialect of your Jews regarding Sanandaj.
nine Robert Hoberman suggests in my opinion that NENA models can get have came from a keen unattested metathesized elizabeth[Theta]peel ezdi.
Boyarin, Daniel. 1981. In the Bono Homini Donum: Essays during the Historic Linguistics in the Recollections regarding J. Alexander Kerns, ed. Yoel L. Arbeitman and you may Allan R. Bomhard. Amsterdam Education from the Theory and you may History of Linguistic Technology, show IV. Most recent Facts inside Linguistic Concept 16. Region II, 613-44. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
An inquiry into Creation of your own Middle Aramaic Dialects
Garbell, Irene. 1964. Flat Terms and conditions and you will Syllables for the Jewish East The fresh new Aramaic off Persian Azerbaijan in addition to Continguous Districts (A dilemma of Multilingualism). Inside the Degree in Egyptology and you will Linguistics in honor of H. J. Polotsky, ed. H. B. Rosen, 86-103. Jerusalem: Israel Mining Area.
